Offizielle Basketball-Regeln für Männer und Frauen 2010
Momentan untersagt der Deutsche Basketball Bund (DBB) als Herausgeber und deutscher Lizenznehmer, die Übersetzung des Regelwerks als Online-Version zur Verfügung zu stellen und verweist auf die zu bestellende Print-Version. Daher haben wir uns entschlossen, die englische Original-Version zu verwenden. Der Einfachheit halber beschränken wir uns auf die Regeln und Spielvorschriften; die Anhänge (Anschreibebogen, Verfahren im Falle eines Protests, Klassifizierung der Mannschaften und Fernseh-Auszeiten) sowie die Technische Ausrüstung werden in diesem Dokument nicht berücksichtigt.

Introduction
Throughout the Official Basketball Rules, all references made to a player, coach, official, etc. in the male gender also apply to the female gender. It must be understood that this is done for practical reasons only.

Rule One - The Game
Art. 1 Definitions

1.1	Basketball game
	Basketball is played by two (2) teams of five (5) players each. The aim of each team is to score in the opponents' basket and to prevent the other team from scoring. The game is controlled by officials, table officials and a commissioner.
1.2	Basket: opponents'/own
	The basket that is attacked by a team is the opponents' basket and the basket which is defended by a team is the team's own basket.
1.3	Winner of a game
	The team that has scored the greater number of points at the end of playing time shall be the winner.

Rule Two - Court and Equipment
Art. 2 Court

Diagram 1 - Full size playing court
2.1	Playing court
	The playing court shall have a flat, hard surface free from obstructions (Diagram 1) with dimensions of twenty-eight (28) m in length by fifteen (15) m in width measured from the inside edge of the boundary line.
2.2	Backcourt
	A team's backcourt consists of its team's own basket, the inbounds part of the backboard and that part of the playing court limited by the endline behind the team's own basket, the sidelines and the centre line.
2.3	Frontcourt
	A team's frontcourt consists of the opponents' basket, the inbounds part of the backboard and that part of the playing court limited by the endline behind the opponents' basket, the sidelines and the inner edge of the centre line nearest to the opponents' basket.
2.4	Lines
	All lines shall be drawn in white colour, five (5) cm in width and clearly visible.
2.4.1	Boundary line
	The playing court shall be limited by the boundary line, consisting of the endlines and the sidelines. These lines are not part of the playing court.
	Any obstruction including seated team bench personnel shall be at least two (2) m from the playing court.
2.4.2	Centre line, centre circle and semicircles
	The centre line shall be marked parallel to the endlines from the mid-points of the sidelines. It shall extend 0.15 m beyond each sideline. The centre line is part of the backcourt.
	The centre circle shall be marked in the centre of the playing court and have a radius of 1.80 m measured to the outer edge of the circumference. If the inside of the centre circle is painted, it must be the same colour as the restricted areas.
	The free-throw semi-circles shall be marked on the playing court with a radius of 1.80 m measured to the outer edge of the circumference and with their centres at the mid-points of the free-throw lines (Diagram 2).
2.4.3	Free-throw lines, restricted areas and free-throw rebound places
	A free-throw line shall be drawn parallel to each endline. It shall have its furthest edge 5.80 m from the inner edge of the endline and shall be 3.60 m long. Its mid-point shall lie on the imaginary line joining the mid-points of the two (2) endlines.
	The restricted areas shall be the rectangular areas marked on the playing court limited by the endlines, the extended free-throw lines and the lines which originate at the endlines, their outer edges being 2.45 m from the mid-points of the endlines and terminating at the outer edge of the extended free-throw lines. These lines, excluding the endlines, are part of the restricted area. The inside of the restricted areas must be painted.
	Free-throw rebound places along the restricted areas, reserved for players during free throws, shall be marked as in Diagram 2.
2.4.4	Three-point field goal area
	The team's three-point field goal area (Diagram 1 and Diagram 3) shall be the entire floor area of the playing court, except for the area near the opponents' basket, limited by and including: Two (2) parallel lines extending from and perpendicular to the endline, with the outer edge 0.90 m from the inner edge of the sidelines. An arc of radius 6.75 m measured from the point on the floor beneath the exact centre of the opponents' basket to the outer edge of the arc. The distance of the point on the floor from the inner edge of the mid-point of the endline is 1.575 m. The arc is joined to the parallel lines. The three-point line is not part of the three-point field goal area.
2.4.5	Team bench areas
	The team bench areas shall be marked outside the playing court limited by two (2) lines as shown in Diagram 1.
	There must be fourteen (14) seats available in the team bench area for the coaches, the assistant coaches, the substitutes and the team followers. Any other persons shall be at least two (2) m behind the team bench.
2.4.6	Throw-in lines
	The two (2) lines of 0.15 m in length shall be marked outside the playing court at the sideline opposite the scorer's table, with the outer edge of the lines 8.325 m from the inner edge of the nearest endline.
2.4.7	No-charge semi-circle areas
	The no-charge semi-circle lines shall be marked on the playing court, limited by: A semi-circle with the radius of 1.25 m measured from the point on the floor beneath the exact centre of the basket to the inner edge of the semi-circle. The semi-circle is joined to: Two (2) parallel lines perpendicular to the endline, the inner edge 1.25 m from the point on the floor beneath the exact centre of the basket, 0.375 m in length and ending 1.20 m from the inner edge of the endline.
	The no-charge semi-circle areas are completed by imaginary lines joining the ends of the parallel lines directly below the front edges of the backboards.
	The no-charge semi-circle lines are not part of the no-charge semi-circle areas.
Diagram 2 - Restricted area
Diagram 3 - Two-point/Three-point field goal area
2.5	Position of the scorer's table and substitution chairs (Diagram 4) Diagram 4 - Scorer's table and substitution chairs The scorer's table and its chairs must be placed on a platform. The announcer and/or statisticians (if present) can be seated at the side ofand/or behind the scorer's table.

Art. 3 Equipment

The following equipment will be required: Backstop units, consisting of: Backboards Baskets comprising (pressure release) rings and nets Backboard support structures including padding Basketballs Game clock Scoreboard Twenty-four (24) second device Stopwatch or suitable (visible) device (not the game clock) for timing time-outs Two (2) separate, distinctly different and loud sound signals Scoresheet Player foul markers Team foul markers Alternating possession indicator Playing floor Playing court Adequate lighting For a more detailed description of basketball equipment, see Appendix on Basketball Equipment.

Rule Three - Teams
Art. 4 Teams

4.1	Definition
4.1.1	A team member is eligible to play when he has been authorised to play for a team according to the regulations, including regulations governing age limits, of the organising body of the competition.
4.1.2	A team member is entitled to play when his name has been entered on the scoresheet before the start of the game and as long as he has neither been disqualified nor committed five (5) fouls.
4.1.3	During playing time, a team member is: A player when he is on the playing court and is entitled to play. A substitute when he is not on the playing court but he is entitled to play. An excluded player when he has committed five (5) fouls and is no longer entitled to play.
4.1.4	During an interval of play, all team members entitled to play are considered as players.
4.2	Rule
4.2.1	Each team shall consist of: No more than twelve (12) team members entitled to play, including a captain. A coach and, if a team wishes, an assistant coach. A maximum of five (5) team followers who may sit on the bench and have special responsibilities, e.g. manager, doctor, physiotherapist, statistician, interpreter etc.
4.2.2	Five (5) players from each team shall be on the playing court during playing time and may be substituted.
4.2.3	A substitute becomes a player and a player becomes a substitute when: The official beckons the substitute to enter the playing court. During a time-out or an interval of play, a substitute requests the substitution to the scorer.
4.3	Uniforms
4.3.1	The uniform of the team members shall consist of: Shirts of the same dominant colour front and back. All players must tuck their shirts into their playing shorts. 'All-in-ones' are permitted. Shorts of the same dominant colour front and back, but not necessarily of the same colour as the shirts. Socks of the same dominant colour for all players of the team.
4.3.2	Each team member shall wear a shirt numbered on the front and back with plain numbers, of a solid colour contrasting with the colour of the shirt. The numbers shall be clearly visible and: Those on the back shall be at least twenty (20) cm high. Those on the front shall be at least ten (10) cm high. The numbers shall be at least two (2) cm wide. Teams shall use numbers from four (4) to fifteen (15). National federations have the authority to approve, for their competitions, any other numbers with a maximum of two (2) digits. Players on the same team shall not wear the same number. Any advertising or logo shall be at least five (5) cm away from the numbers.
4.3.3	Teams must have a minimum of two sets of shirts and: The first team named in the programme (home team) shall wear light-coloured shirts (preferably white). The second team named in the programme (visiting team) shall wear dark-coloured shirts. However, if the two (2) teams involved agree, they may interchange the colours of the shirts.
4.4	Other equipment
4.4.1	All equipment used by players must be appropriate for the game. Any equipment that is designed to increase a player's height or reach or in any other way give an unfair advantage is not permitted.
4.4.2	Players shall not wear equipment (objects) that may cause injury to other players. The following are not permitted: Finger, hand, wrist, elbow or forearm guards, casts or braces made of leather, plastic, pliable (soft) plastic, metal or any other hard substance, even if covered with soft padding. Objects that could cut or cause abrasions (fingernails must be closely cut). Headgear, hair accessories and jewellery. The following are permitted: Shoulder, upper arm, thigh or lower leg protective equipment if the material is sufficiently padded. Undergarments that extend below the shorts of the same dominant colour as the shorts. Compression sleeves of the same dominant colour as the shirts. Compression stockings of the same dominant colour as the shorts. If for the upper leg it must end above the knee; if for the lower leg it must end below the knee. Knee braces if they are properly covered. Protector for an injured nose, even if made of a hard material. Non-coloured transparent mouth guard. Spectacles, if they do not pose a danger to other players. Headbands, maximum five (5) cm in width, made of non-abrasive, unicolour cloth, pliable plastic or rubber. Non-coloured transparent taping of arms, shoulders, legs, etc.
4.4.3	Any other equipment not specifically mentioned in this article must be approved by the FIBA Technical Commission.

Art. 5 Players: Injury

5.1	In the event of injury to a player(s), the officials may stop the game.
5.2	If the ball is live when an injury occurs, the official shall not blow his whistle until the team in control of the ball has shot for a field goal, lost control of the ball, withheld the ball from play or the ball has become dead. If it is necessary to protect an injured player, the officials may stop the game immediately.
5.3	If the injured player cannot continue to play immediately (within approximately 15 seconds) or, if he receives treatment, he must be substituted unless the team is reduced to fewer than five (5) players on the playing court.
5.4	Coaches, assistant coaches, substitutes, excluded players and team followers may enter the playing court, with the permission of an official, to attend to an injured player before he is substituted.
5.5	A doctor may enter the playing court, without permission of an official if, in the doctor's judgement, the injured player requires immediate medical treatment.
5.6	During the game, any player who is bleeding or has an open wound must be substituted. He may return to the playing court only after bleeding has stopped and the affected area or open wound has been completely and securely covered.
	If the injured player or any player who is bleeding or has an open wound recovers during a time-out taken by either team before the scorer's signal for the substitution, that player may continue to play.
5.7	Players who have been designated by the coach to start the game may be substituted in the event of an injury. In this case, the opponents are also entitled to substitute the same number of players, if they so wish.

Art. 6 Captain: Duties and powers

6.1	The captain (CAP) is a player designated by his coach to represent his team on the playing court. He may communicate in a courteous manner with the officials during the game to obtain information, however, only when the ball becomes dead and the game clock is stopped.
6.2	The captain shall, immediately at the end of the game, inform the referee if his team is protesting against the result of the game and sign the scoresheet in the space marked 'Captain's signature in case of protest'.

Art. 7 Coaches: Duties and powers

7.1	At least twenty (20) minutes before the game is scheduled to begin, each coach or his representative shall give the scorer a list with the names and corresponding numbers of the team members who are eligible to play in the game, as well as the name of the captain of the team, the coach and the assistant coach. All team members whose names are entered on the scoresheet are entitled to play, even if they arrive after the beginning of the game.
7.2	At least ten (10) minutes before the game is scheduled to begin, each coach shall confirm his agreement with the names and corresponding numbers of his team members and the names of the coaches by signing the scoresheet. At the same time, they shall indicate the five (5) players who are to start the game. The coach of team 'A' shall be the first to provide this information.
7.3	The coaches, assistant coaches, team members and team followers are the only persons permitted to sit on the team bench and remain within their team bench area.
7.4	The coach and the assistant coach may go to the scorer's table during the game to obtain statistical information only when the ball becomes dead and the game clock is stopped.
7.5	Only the coach is permitted to remain standing during the game. He may address the players verbally during the game provided he remains within his team bench area.
7.6	If there is an assistant coach his name must be entered on the scoresheet before the beginning of the game (his signature is not necessary). He shall assume all duties and powers of the coach if, for any reason, the coach is unable to continue.
7.7	When the captain leaves the playing court the coach shall inform an official of the number of the player who will act as captain on the playing court.
7.8	The captain shall act as coach if there is no coach, or if the coach is unable to continue and there is no assistant coach entered on the scoresheet (or the latter is unable to continue). If the captain must leave the playing court, he may continue to act as coach. If he must leave following a disqualifying foul, or if he is unable to act as coach because of injury, his substitute as captain may replace him as coach.
7.9	The coach shall designate the free-throw shooter of his team in all cases where the free-throw shooter is not determined by the rules.

Rule Four - Playing Regulations
Art. 8 Playing time, tied score and extra periods

8.1	The game shall consist of four (4) periods of ten (10) minutes.
8.2	There shall be an interval of play of twenty (20) minutes before the game is scheduled to begin.
8.3	There shall be intervals of play of two (2) minutes between the first and second period (first half), between the third and fourth period (second half) and before each extra period.
8.4	There shall be a half-time interval of play of fifteen (15) minutes.
8.5	An interval of play begins: Twenty (20) minutes before the game is scheduled to begin. When the game-clock signal sounds for the end of a period.
8.6	An interval of play ends: At the beginning of the first period when the ball leaves the hand(s) of the referee on the jump ball. At the beginning of all other periods when the ball is at the disposal of the player taking the throw-in.
8.7	If the score is tied at the end of playing time for the fourth period, the game shall continue with as many extra periods of five (5) minutes as is necessary to break the tie.
8.8	If a foul is committed when or just before the game clock signal sounds for the end of playing time, any eventual free throw(s) shall be administered after the end of playing time.
8.9	If an extra period is required as a result of this free throw(s) then all fouls that are committed after the end of playing time shall be considered to have occurred during an interval of play and the free throws shall be administered before the beginning of the extra period.

Art. 9 Beginning and end of a period or the game

9.1	The first period begins when the ball leaves the hand(s) of the referee on the jump ball.
9.2	All other periods begin when the ball is at the disposal of the player taking the throw-in.
9.3	The game cannot begin if one of the teams is not on the playing court with five (5) players ready to play.
9.4	For all games, the first team named in the programme (home team) shall have the team bench and its team's own basket on the left side of the scorer's table, facing the playing court.
	However, if the two (2) teams agree, they may interchange the team benches and/or baskets.
9.5	Before the first and third periods, teams are entitled to warm-up in the half of the playing court in which their opponents' basket is situated.
9.6	Teams shall exchange baskets for the second half.
9.7	In all extra periods the teams shall continue to play towards the same baskets as in the fourth period.
9.8	A period, extra period or game shall end when the game clock signal sounds for the end of playing time.

Art. 10 Status of the ball

10.1	The ball can be either live or dead.
10.2	The ball becomes live when: During the jump ball, the ball leaves the hand(s) of the referee on the toss. During a free throw, the ball is at the disposal of the free-throw shooter. During a throw-in, the ball is at the disposal of the player taking the throw-in.
10.3	The ball becomes dead when: Any field goal or free throw is made. An official blows his whistle while the ball is live. It is apparent that the ball will not enter the basket on a free throw which is to be followed by: Another free throw(s). A further penalty (free throw(s) and/or possession). The game clock signal sounds for the end of the period. The twenty-four (24) second clock signal sounds while a team is in control of the ball. The ball in flight on a shot for a field goal is touched by a player from either team after: An official blows his whistle. The game clock signal sounds for the end of the period. The twenty-four (24) second clock signal sounds.
10.4	The ball does not become dead and the goal counts if made when: The ball is in flight on a shot for a field goal and: An official blows his whistle. The game clock signal sounds for the end of the period. The twenty-four (24) second clock signal sounds. The ball is in flight on a free throw when an official blows his whistle for any rule infraction other than by the free-throw shooter. A player commits a foul on any opponent while the ball is in the control of the opponent in the act of shooting for field goal and who finishes his shot with a continuous motion which started before the foul occurred. This provision does not apply and the goal shall not count if after an official blows his whistle an entirely new act of shooting is made. during the continuous motion of a player in the act of shooting the game clock signal sounds for an end of period or the twenty-four (24) second clock signal sounds.

Art. 11 Location of a player and an official

11.1	The location of a player is determined by where he is touching the floor. While he is in the air from a jump, he retains the same status he had when he last touched the floor. This includes the boundary line, the centre line, the three-point line, the free-throw line and the lines delimiting the restricted area.
11.2	If a player who has jumped from his frontcourt establishes new team control while still airborne, his location relative to backcourt or frontcourt is not determined until he has again returned to the floor.
11.3	The location of an official is determined in the same manner as that of a player. When the ball touches an official, it is the same as touching the floor at the official's location.

Art. 12 Jump ball and alternating possession

12.1	Jump ball definition
12.1.1	A jump ball occurs when an official tosses the ball in the centre circle between any two (2) opponents at the beginning of the first period.
12.1.2	A held ball occurs when one or more players of each opposing team have one or both hands firmly on the ball so that neither player can gain control without undue roughness.
12.2	Jump ball procedure
12.2.1	Each jumper shall stand with both feet inside the half of the centre circle nearest to his team's own basket with one foot close to the centre line.
12.2.2	Team-mates may not occupy adjacent positions around the circle if an opponent wishes to occupy one of those positions.
12.2.3	The official shall then toss the ball vertically upwards between the two (2) opponents, higher than either of them can reach by jumping.
12.2.4	The ball must be tapped with the hand(s) of at least one or both of the jumpers after it reaches its highest point.
12.2.5	Neither jumper shall leave his position until the ball has been legally tapped.
12.2.6	Neither jumper may catch the ball or tap it more than twice until it has touched one of the non-jumpers or the floor.
12.2.7	If the ball is not tapped by at least one of the jumpers, the jump ball shall be repeated.
12.2.8	No part of a non-jumper's body may be on or over the circle line (cylinder) before the ball has been tapped.
	An infraction of Art. 12.2.1, 12.2.4, 12.2.5, 12.2.6, and 12.2.8 is a violation.
12.3	Jump ball situations
	A jump ball situation occurs when: A held ball is called. The ball goes out-of-bounds and the officials are in doubt or disagree about which of the opponents last touched the ball. A double free-throw violation occurs during an unsuccessful last or only free throw. A live ball lodges between the ring and the backboard (except between free throws). The ball becomes dead when neither team had control of the ball nor was entitled to the ball. After the cancellation of equal penalties against both teams, there are no other foul penalties remaining for administration and neither team had control of the ball nor was entitled to the ball before the first foul or violation. All periods other than the first period are to begin.
12.4	Alternating possession definition
12.4.1	Alternating possession is a method of causing the ball to become live with a throw-in rather than a jump ball.
12.4.2	Alternating possession: Begins when the ball is at the disposal of the player taking the throw-in. Ends when: The ball touches or is legally touched by a player on the playing court. The team taking the throw-in commits a violation. A live ball lodges between the ring and the backboard during a throw-in.
12.5	Alternating possession proceduren
12.5.1	In all jump ball situations teams will alternate possession of the ball for a throw-in at the place nearest to where the jump ball situation occurs.
12.5.2	The team that does not gain control of the live ball on the playing court after the jump ball will be entitled to the first alternating possession.
12.5.3	The team entitled to the next alternating possession at the end of any period shall start the next period with a throw-in at the centre line extended, opposite the scorer's table, unless there are further free throws and a possession penalty to be administered.
12.5.4	The team entitled to the alternating possession throw-in shall be indicated by the alternating possession arrow in the direction of the opponents' basket. The direction of the alternating possession arrow is reversed immediately when the alternating possession throw-in ends.
12.5.5	A violation by a team during its alternating possession throw-in causes that team to lose the alternating possession throw-in. The alternating possession arrow will be reversed immediately, indicating that the opponents of the violating team will be entitled to the alternating possession throw-in at the next jump ball situation. The game shall then be resumed by awarding the ball to the opponents of the violating team for a throw-in at the place of the original throw-in.
12.5.6	A foul by either team: Before the beginning of a period other than the first period, or During the alternating possession throw-in, does not cause the team entitled to the throw-in to lose that alternating possession.

Art. 13 How the ball is played

13.1	Definition
13.1.1	During the game, the ball is played with the hand(s) only and may be passed, thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled in any direction, subject to the restrictions of these rules.
13.2	Rule
	A player shall not run with the ball, deliberately kick or block it with any part of the leg or strike it with the fist.
	However, to accidentally come into contact with or touch the ball with any part of the leg is not a violation.
	An infraction of Art. 13.2 is a violation.

Art. 14 Control of the ball

14.1	Definition
14.1.1	Team control starts when a player of that team is in control of a live ball by holding or dribbling it or has a live ball at his disposal.
14.1.2	Team control continues when: A player of that team is in control of a live ball. The ball is being passed between team-mates.
14.1.3	Team control ends when: An opponent gains control. The ball becomes dead. The ball has left the player's hand(s) on a shot for a field goal or for a free throw.

Art. 15 Player in the act of shooting

15.1	Definition
15.1.1	A shot for a field goal or a free throw is when the ball is held in a player's hand(s) and is then thrown into the air towards the opponents' basket.
	A tap is when the ball is directed with the hand(s) towards the opponents' basket.
	A dunk is when the ball is forced downwards into the opponents' basket with one or both hands.
	A tap and a dunk are also considered as shots for a field goal.
15.1.2	The act of shooting: Begins when the player starts the continuous movement normally preceding the release of the ball and, in the judgement of the official, he has started an attempt to score by throwing, tapping or dunking the ball towards the opponents' basket. Ends when the ball has left the player's hand(s) and, in case of an airborne shooter, both feet have returned to the floor. The player attempting to score might have his arm(s) held by an opponent, thus preventing him from scoring, even though he is considered to have made an attempt to score. In this case it is not essential that the ball leaves the player's hand(s).
	There is no relationship between the number of legal steps taken and the act of shooting.
15.1.3	A continuous movement in the act of shooting: Begins when the ball has come to rest in the player's hand(s) and the shooting motion, usually upward, has started. May include the player's arm(s) and/or body movement in his attempt to shoot for a field goal. Ends when the ball has left the player's hand(s), or if an entirely new act of shooting is made.

Art. 16 Goal: When made and its value

16.1	Definition
16.1.1	A goal is made when a live ball enters the basket from above and remains within or passes through the basket.
16.1.2	The ball is considered to be within the basket when the slightest part of the ball is within and below the level of the ring.
16.2	Rule
16.2.1	A goal is credited to the team attacking the opponents' basket into which the ball has entered as follows: A goal from a free throw counts one (1) point. A goal from the two-point field goal area counts two (2) points. A goal from the three-point field goal area counts three (3) points. After the ball has touched the ring on a last or only free throw and is legally touched by an offensive or defensive player before it enters the basket, the goal counts two (2) points.
16.2.2	If a player accidentally scores a field goal in his team's own basket, the goal counts two (2) points and shall be recorded as having been scored by the captain of the opposing team on the playing court.
16.2.3	If a player deliberately scores a field goal in his team's own basket, it is a violation and the goal does not count.
16.2.4	If a player causes the entire ball to pass through the basket from below, it is a violation.
16.2.5	The game clock must indicate 0:00.3 (three tenths of a second) or more for a player to secure possession of the ball on a throw-in or on a rebound after the last or only free throw in order to attempt a shot for a field goal. If the game clock indicates 0:00.2 or 0:00.1 the only type of a valid field goal made is by tapping or directly dunking the ball.

Art. 17 Throw-in

17.1	Definition
17.1.1	A throw-in occurs when the ball is passed into the playing court by the out-of-bounds player taking the throw-in.
17.2	Procedure
17.2.1	An official must hand or place the ball at the disposal of the player taking the throw-in. He may also toss or bounce pass the ball provided that: The official is no more than four (4) m from the player taking the throw-in. The player taking the throw-in is at the correct place as designated by the official.
17.2.2	The player shall take the throw-in at the place nearest to the infraction or where the game was stopped by the official, except directly behind the backboard.
17.2.3	In the following situations shall the subsequent thrown-in be taken at the centre line extended, opposite the scorer's table: At the beginning of all periods other than the first period. Following a free throw(s) resulting from a technical, unsportsmanlike or disqualifying foul. During the last two (2) minutes of the fourth (4th) period and during the last two (2) minutes of each extra period, following a time-out granted to the team that has been entitled to the possession of the ball from i The player taking the throw-in shall have one foot on either side of the centre line extended, opposite the scorer's table, and shall be entitled to pass the ball to a team-mate at any place on the playing court.
17.2.4	During the last two (2) minutes of the fourth (4th) period and during the last two (2) minutes of each extra period, following a time-out taken by the team that is entitled to possession of the ball from its backcourt the throw-in shall be taken at the throwin line opposite the scorer's table in the team's frontcourt.
17.2.5	Following a personal foul committed by a player of the team in control of the live ball, or of the team entitled to the ball, the subsequent throw-in shall be taken at the place nearest to the infraction.
17.2.6	Whenever the ball enters the basket but the field goal or the free throw is not valid, the subsequent throw-in shall be taken at the free-throw line extended.
17.2.7	Following a successful field goal or a successful last or only free throw: Any player of the non-scoring team shall take the throw-in at any place behind that team's endline. This is also applicable after an official hands or places the ball at the disposal of the player taking the throw-in after a time-out or after any interruption of the game following a successful field goal or a successful last or only free throw. The player taking the throw-in may move laterally and/or backwards and the ball maybe be passed between team-mates behind the endline, but the five (5) second count starts when the ball is at the disposal of the first player out-of-bounds.
17.3	Rule
17.3.1	The player taking the throw-in shall not: Take more than five (5) seconds to release the ball. Step into the playing court while having the ball in his hand(s). Cause the ball to touch out-of-bounds, after it has been released on the throw-in. Touch the ball on the playing court before it has touched another player. Cause the ball to enter the basket directly. Move from the designated throw-in place behind the boundary line, other than from his team's endline after a successful field goal or successful last free throw, laterally in one (1) or in both directions, within a total distance of one (1) m before releasing the ball. He is, however, permitted to move directly backwards from the line as far as circumstances allow.
17.3.2	During the throw-in other player(s) shall not: Have any part of their bodies over the boundary line before the ball has been thrown-in across the boundary line. Be closer than one (1) m to the player taking the throw-in when the throw-in place has less than two (2) m between the boundary line and any out-of-bounds obstructions. An infraction of Art. 17.3 is a violation.
17.4	Penalty
	The ball is awarded to the opponents for a throw-in at the place of the original throw-in.

Art. 18 Time-out

18.1	Definition
	A time-out is an interruption of the game requested by the coach or assistant coach.
18.2	Rule
18.2.1	Each time-out shall last one (1) minute.
18.2.2	A time-out may be granted during a time-out opportunity.
18.2.3	A time-out opportunity begins when: For both teams, the ball becomes dead, the game clock is stopped and the official has ended his communication with the scorer's table. For both teams, the ball becomes dead following a successful last or only free throw. For the non-scoring team, a field goal is scored.
18.2.4	A time-out opportunity ends when the ball is at the disposal of a player for a throw-in or a first or only free throw.
18.2.5	Two (2) time-outs may be granted to each team at any time during the first half; three (3) at any time during the second half and one (1) during each extra period.
18.2.6	Unused time-outs may not be carried over to the next half or extra period.
18.2.7	A time-out is charged against the team whose coach first made a request unless the time-out is granted following a field goal scored by the opponents and without an infraction having been called.
18.2.8	A time-out shall not be permitted to the scoring team when the game clock is stopped following a successful field goal during the last two (2) minutes of the fourth period or the last two (2) minutes of each extra period unless an official has stopped the game.
18.3	Procedure
18.3.1	Only a coach or assistant coach has the right to request a time-out. He shall establish visual contact with the scorer or he shall go to the scorer's table and ask clearly for a time-out, making the proper conventional sign with his hands.
18.3.2	A time-out request may be cancelled only before the scorekeeper's signal has sounded for such a request.
18.3.3	The time-out period: Begins when an official blows his whistle and gives the time-out signal. Ends when the official blows his whistle and beckons the teams back on the playing court.
18.3.4	As soon as a time-out opportunity begins, the scorer shall sound his signal to notify the officials that a request for a time-out has been made.
	If a field goal is scored against a team which has requested a time-out, the timer shall immediately stop the game clock and sound his signal.
18.3.5	During the time-out and during an interval of play before the beginning of the second (2nd), fourth (4th) or each extra period the players may leave the playing court and sit on the team bench and the persons permitted to be in the team bench area may enter the playing court provided the team members remain within the vicinity of their team bench area.
18.3.6	If the request for the time-out is made by either team after the ball is at the disposal of the free-throw shooter for the first or only free throw, the time-out shall be granted if: The last or only free throw is successful. The last or only free throw is followed by a throw-in at the centre line extended, opposite the scorer's table. A foul is called between free throws. In this case the free throw(s) will be completed and the time-out will be permitted before the new foul penalty is administered. A foul is called before the ball becomes live after the last or only free throw. In this case the time-out will be permitted before the new foul penalty is administered. A violation is called before the ball becomes live after the last or only free throw. In this case the time-out will be permitted before the throw-in is administered. In the event of consecutive sets of free throws and/or possession of the ball resulting from more than one (1) foul penalty, each set is to be treated separately.

Art. 19 Substitution

19.1	Definition
	A substitution is an interruption of the game requested by the substitute to become a player.
19.2	Rule
19.2.1	A team may substitute a player(s) during a substitution opportunity.
19.2.2	A substitution opportunity begins when: For both teams, the ball becomes dead, the game clock is stopped and the official has ended his communication with the scorer's table. For both teams, the ball becomes dead following a successful last or only free throw. For the non-scoring team, a field goal is scored in the last two (2) minutes of the fourth period or the last two (2) minutes of each extra period.
19.2.3	A substitution opportunity ends when the ball is at the disposal of a player for a throw-in or a first or only free throw.
19.2.4	A player who has become a substitute and a substitute who has become a player cannot respectively re-enter the game or leave the game until the ball becomes dead again, after a clock-running phase of the game, unless: The team is reduced to fewer than five (5) players on the playing court. The player entitled to the free-throws as the result of the correction of an error is on the team bench after having been legally substituted.
19.2.5	A substitution shall not be permitted to the scoring team when the game clock is stopped following a successful field goal during the last two (2) minutes of the fourth period or the last two (2) minutes of each extra period unless an official has stopped the game.
19.3	Procedure
19.3.1	Only a substitute has the right to request a substitution. He (not the coach or the assistant coach) shall go to the scorer's table and ask clearly for a substitution or sit on the substitution chair. He must be ready to play immediately.
19.3.2	A substitution request may be cancelled only before the scorer's signal has sounded for such a request.
19.3.3	As soon as a substitution opportunity begins the scorer shall sound his signal to notify the officials that a request for a substitution has been made.
19.3.4	The substitute shall remain outside the boundary line until the official blows his whistle, gives the substitution signal and beckons him to enter the playing court.
19.3.5	The player being substituted is permitted to go directly to his team bench without reporting either to the scorer or the official.
19.3.6	Substitutions shall be completed as quickly as possible. A player who has committed his fifth (5th) foul or has been disqualified must be substituted immediately (within approximately 30 seconds). If, in the judgement of an official, there is an unnecessarily delay of the game, a time-out shall be charged against the offending team. If the team has no time-out remaining a technical foul for delaying the game may be charged against the coach, recorded as 'B'.
19.3.7	If a substitution is requested during a time-out or during an interval of play other than the half-time interval, the substitute must report to the scorer before entering the game.
19.3.8	If the free-throw shooter must be substituted because he: Is injured. Has committed his fifth foul. Has been disqualified. The free throw(s) must be attempted by his substitute who may not be substituted again until he has played in the next clock-running phase of the game.
19.3.9	If the request for a substitution is made by either team after the ball is at the disposal of the free-throw shooter for the first or only free throw, the substitution shall be granted if: The last or only free throw is successful. The last or only free throw is followed by a throw-in at the centre line extended, opposite the scorer's table. A foul is called between free throws. In this case the free throw(s) will be completed and the substitution will be permitted before the new foul penalty is administered. A foul is called before the ball becomes live after the last or only free throw. In this case the substitution will be permitted before the new foul penalty is administered. A violation is called before the ball becomes live after the last or only free throw. In this case the substitution will be permitted before the throw-in is administered. In the event of consecutive sets of free throws resulting from more than one (1) foul penalty, each set is to be treated separately.
19.3.10	A substitution shall not be permitted to the scoring team when the game clock is stopped following a successful field goal in the last two (2) minutes of the fourth period or the last two (2) minutes of each extra period unless: An official has interrupted the game. The non-scoring team has been granted a time-out or substitution.

Art. 20 Game lost by forfeit

20.1	Rule
	A team shall lose the game by forfeit if: Fifteen (15) minutes after the scheduled starting time, the team is not present or is unable to field five (5) players ready to play. Its actions prevent the game from being played. It refuses to play after being instructed to do so by the referee.
20.2	Penalty
20.2.1	The game is awarded to the opponents and the score shall be twenty to zero (20 to 0). Furthermore, the forfeiting team shall receive zero (0) points in the classification.
20.2.2	For a two-game (home and away) total points series and for Play-Offs (best of three), the team that forfeits in the first, second or third game shall lose the series or Play-Offs by 'forfeit'. This does not apply for Play-Offs (best of five).
20.2.3	If in a tournament the team forfeits for the second time, the team shall be disqualified from the tournament and the results of all games played by this team shall be nullified.

Art. 21 Game lost by default

21.1	Rule
	A team shall lose a game by default if, during the game, the team has fewer than two (2) players on the playing court ready to play.
21.2	Penalty
21.2.1	If the team to which the game is awarded is ahead, the score shall stand as at the time when the game was stopped. If the team to which the game is awarded is not ahead, the score shall be recorded as two to zero (2 to 0) in its favour. The defaulting team shall receive one (1) point in the classification.
21.2.2	For a two-game (home and away) total point series, the team that defaults in the first or in the second game shall lose the series by 'default'.

Rule Five - Violations
Art. 22 Violations

22.1	Definition
	A violation is an infraction of the rules.
22.2	Penalty
	The ball shall be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in at the place nearest to the infraction, except directly behind the backboard, unless otherwise stated in the rules.

Art. 23 Player out-of-bounds and ball out-of-bounds

23.1	Definition
23.1.1	A player is out-of-bounds when any part of his body is in contact with the floor or any object other than a player, on, above or outside the boundary line.
23.1.2	The ball is out-of-bounds when it touches: A player or any other person who is out-of-bounds. The floor or any object on, above or outside the boundary line. The backboard supports, the back of the backboards or any object above the playing court.
23.2	Rule
23.2.1	The ball is caused to go out-of-bounds by the last player to touch or be touched by the ball before it goes out-of-bounds, even if the ball then goes out-of-bounds by touching something other than a player.
23.2.2	If the ball is out-of-bounds because of touching or being touched by a player who is on or outside the boundary line, this player causes the ball to go out-of-bounds.
23.2.3	If a player(s) move(s) to out-of-bounds or to his backcourt during a held ball, a jump ball situation occurs.

Art. 24 Dribbling

24.1	Definition
24.1.1	A dribble is the movement of a live ball caused by a player in control of that ball who throws, taps, rolls the ball on the floor or throws it deliberately against the backboard.
24.1.2	A dribble starts when a player, having gained control of a live ball on the playing court, throws, taps, rolls, dribbles it on the floor or deliberately throws it against the backboard and touches it again before it touches another player.
	A dribble ends when the player touches the ball with both hands simultaneously or permits the ball to come to rest in one or both hands.
	During a dribble the ball may be thrown into the air provided the ball touches the floor or another player before the player who threw it touches it again with his hand.
	There is no limit to the number of steps a player may take when the ball is not in contact with his hand.
24.1.3	A player who accidentally loses and then regains control of a live ball on the playing court is considered to be fumbling the ball.
24.1.4	The following are not dribbles: Successive shots for a field goal. Fumbling the ball at the beginning or at the end of a dribble. Attempts to gain control of the ball by tapping it from the vicinity of other players. Tapping the ball from the control of another player. Deflecting a pass and gaining control of the ball. Tossing the ball from hand to hand and allowing it to come to rest in one or both hands before touching the floor, provided that no travelling violation is committed.
24.2	Rule
	A player shall not dribble a second time after his first dribble has ended unless between the two (2) dribbles he has lost control of a live ball on the playing court because of: A shot for a field goal. A touch of the ball by an opponent. A pass or fumble that has then touched or been touched by another player.

Art. 25 Travelling

25.1	Definition
25.1.1	Travelling is the illegal movement of one foot or both feet beyond the limits outlined in this article, in any direction, while holding a live ball on the playing court.
25.1.2	A pivot is the legal movement in which a player who is holding a live ball on the playing court steps once or more than once in any direction with the same foot, while the other foot, called the pivot foot, is kept at its point of contact with the floor.
25.2	Rule
25.2.1	Establishing a pivot foot for a player who catches a live ball on the playing court: While standing with both feet on the floor: The moment one foot is lifted, the other foot becomes the pivot foot. While moving: If one foot is touching the floor, that foot becomes the pivot foot. If both feet are off the floor and the player lands on both feet simultaneously, the moment one foot is lifted, the other foot becomes the pivot foot. If both feet are off the floor and the player lands on one foot, then that foot becomes the pivot foot. If a player jumps off that foot and comes to a stop landing on both feet simultaneously, then neither foot is a pivot foot.
25.2.2	Progressing with the ball for a player who has established a pivot foot while having the control of a live ball on the playing court: While standing with both feet on the floor: To start a dribble, the pivot foot may not be lifted before the ball is released from the hand(s). To pass or shoot for a field goal, the player may jump off a pivot foot, but neither foot may be returned to the floor before the ball is released from the hand(s). While moving: To pass or shoot for a field goal, the player may jump off a pivot foot and land on one foot or both feet simultaneously. After that, one foot or both feet may be lifted from the floor but neither foot may be returned to the floor before the ball is released from the hand(s). To start a dribble, the pivot foot may not be lifted before the ball is released from the hand(s). While coming to a stop when neither foot is the pivot foot: To start a dribble, neither foot may be lifted before the ball is released from the hand(s). To pass or shoot for a field goal, one foot or both feet may be lifted but may not be returned to the floor before the ball is released from the hand(s).
25.2.3	Player falling, lying or sitting on the floor: It is legal when a player falls and slides on the floor while holding the ball or, while lying or sitting on the floor, gains control of the ball. It is a violation if the player then rolls or attempts to stand up while holding the ball.

Art. 26 Three seconds

26.1	Rule
26.1.1	A player shall not remain in the opponents' restricted area for more than three (3) consecutive seconds while his team is in control of a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running.
26.1.2	Allowances must be made for a player who: Makes an attempt to leave the restricted area. Is in the restricted area when he or his team-mate is in the act of shooting and the ball is leaving or has just left the player's hand(s) on the shot for a field goal. Dribbles in the restricted area to shoot for a field goal after having been there for less than three (3) seconds.
26.1.3	To establish himself outside the restricted area, the player must place both feet on the floor outside the restricted area.

Art. 27 Closely guarded player

27.1	Definition
	A player who is holding a live ball on the playing court is closely guarded when an opponent is in an active guarding position at a distance of no more than one (1) m.
27.2	Rule
	A closely guarded player must pass, shoot or dribble the ball within five (5) seconds.

Art. 28 Eight seconds

28.1	Rule
28.1.1	Whenever: A player gains control of a live ball in his backcourt, On a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally touched by any player in the backcourt and the team of that player taking the throw-in remains in control of the ball in its backcourt, that team must cause the ball to go into its frontcourt within eight (8) seconds.
28.1.2	The team has caused the ball to go into its frontcourt whenever: The ball, not in control of any player, touches the frontcourt, The ball touches or is legally touched by an offensive player who has both feet in contact with his frontcourt, The ball touches or is legally touched by a defensive player who has part of his body in contact with his backcourt, The ball touches an official who has part of his body in the frontcourt of the team in control of the ball. During a dribble from the backcourt to the frontcourt, both feet of the dribbler and the ball are in contact with the frontcourt. and the ball are in contact with the frontcourt.
28.1.3	The eight (8) second period will continue with any time remaining when the same team that previously had control of the ball is awarded a throw-in in the backcourt, as a result of: A player of the same team having been injured. A jump ball situation. A double foul. A cancellation of equal penalties against both teams.

Art. 29 Twenty-four seconds

29.1	Rule
29.1.1	Whenever: A player gains control of a live ball on the playing court, On a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally touched by any player on the playing court and the team of that player taking the throw-in remains in control of the ball, that team must attempt a shot for a field goal within twenty-four (24) seconds.
	To constitute a shot for a field goal within twenty-four (24) seconds: The ball must leave the player's hand(s) before the twenty-four (24) second clock signal sounds, and After the ball has left the player's hand(s), the ball must touch the ring or enter the basket.
29.1.2	When a shot for a field goal is attempted near the end of the twenty-four (24) second period and the twenty-four (24) second signal sounds while the ball is in the air: If the ball enters the basket, no violation has occurred, the signal shall be disregarded and the goal shall count. If the ball touches the ring but does not enter the basket, no violation has occurred, the signal shall be disregarded and the game shall continue. If the ball misses the ring, a violation has occurred. However, if the opponents have gained immediate and clear control of the ball, the signal shall be disregarded and the game shall continue. All restrictions related to goal tending and interference shall apply.
29.2	Procedure
29.2.1	If the game is stopped by an official: For a foul or violation (not for the ball having gone out-of-bounds) by the team not in control of the ball, For any valid reason by the team not in control of the ball, For any valid reason not connected with either team, Possession of the ball shall be awarded to the same team that previously had control of the ball. If the throw-in is administered in the backcourt, the twenty-four (24) second clock shall be reset to twenty-four (24) seconds. If the throw-in is administered in the frontcourt, the twenty-four (24) second clock shall be reset as follows: If fourteen (14) seconds or more is displayed on the twenty-four (24) second clock at the time when the game was stopped, the twenty-four (24) second clock shall not be reset, but shall continue from the time it was stopped. If thirteen (13) seconds or less is displayed on the twenty-four (24) second clock at the time when the game was stopped, the twenty-four (24) second clock shall be reset to fourteen (14) seconds. However, if in the judgement of an official, the opponents would be placed at a disadvantage, the twenty-four (24) second clock shall continue from the time it was stopped.
29.2.2	If the twenty-four (24) second clock signal sounds in error while a team has control of the ball or neither team has control of the ball, the signal shall be disregarded and the game shall continue.
	However, if in the judgement of an official, the team in control of the ball has been placed at a disadvantage, the game shall be stopped, the twenty-four (24) second clock shall be corrected and the ball shall be awarded to that team.

Art. 30 Ball returned to the backcourt

30.1	Definition
30.1.1	The ball goes into a team's backcourt when: It touches the backcourt. It touches or it is legally touched by an offensive player who has part of his body in contact with the backcourt. It touches an official who has part of his body in contact with the backcourt.
30.1.2	The ball has been illegally returned to the backcourt when a player of the team in control of the live ball is the last to touch the ball in his frontcourt, after which that player or a team-mate is the first to touch the ball in the backcourt.
30.2	Rule
	A player whose team is in control of a live ball may not cause the ball to be illegally returned to his backcourt.
30.3	Penalty
	The ball shall be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in in their frontcourt at a place nearest to the infraction except directly behind the backboard.

Art. 31 Goal tending and Interference

31.1	Definition
31.1.1	A shot for a field goal or a free throw: Begins when the ball leaves the hand(s) of a player in the act of shooting. Ends when the ball: Enters the basket directly from above and remains within or passes through the basket. No longer has the possibility of entering the basket. Touches the ring. Touches the floor. Becomes dead.
31.2	Rule
31.2.1	Goal tending occurs during a shot for a field goal when a player touches the ball while it is completely above the level of the ring and: It is on its downward flight to the basket, or After it has touched the backboard.
31.2.2	Goal tending occurs during a shot for a free throw when a player touches the ball while it is in flight to the basket and before it touches the ring.
31.2.3	The goal tending restrictions apply until: The ball no longer has the possibility of entering the basket. The ball has touched the ring.
31.2.4	Interference occurs when: After a shot for a field goal or the last or only free throw a player touches the basket or the backboard while the ball is in contact with the ring. After a free throw followed by an additional free throw(s), a player touches the ball, the basket or the backboard while there is still a possibility that the ball will enter the basket. A player reaches through the basket from below and touches the ball. A defensive player touches the ball or the basket while the ball is within the basket, thus preventing the ball from passing through the net. A player causes the basket to vibrate or grasps the basket in such a way that, in the judgement of an official, the ball has been prevented from entering the basket or has been caused to enter the basket. A player grasps the basket to play the ball.
31.2.5	When: An official blows the whistle while the ball is in the hands of a player in the act of shooting, or the ball is in flight on a shot for a field goal, The game clock signal sounds for the end of a period while the ball is in flight on a shot for a field goal, No player shall touch the ball after it has touched the ring while it still has the possibility of entering the basket.
	All restrictions related to goal tending and interference shall apply.
31.3	Penalty
31.3.1	If the violation is committed by an offensive player, no points can be awarded. The ball shall be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in at the free-throw line extended, unless otherwise stated in the rules.
31.3.2	If the violation is committed by a defensive player, the offensive team is awarded: One (1) point when the ball was released for a free throw. Two (2) points when the ball was released from the two-point field goal area. Three (3) points when the ball was released from the three-point field goal area. The awarding of the points is as if the ball had entered the basket.
31.3.3	If the violation is committed by a defensive player during a last or only free throw one (1) point shall be awarded to the offensive team, followed by the technical foul penalty charged against the defensive player.

Rule Six - Fouls
Art. 32 Fouls

32.1	Definition
32.1.1	A foul is an infraction of the rules concerning illegal personal contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behaviour.
32.1.2	Any number of fouls may be called against a team. Irrespective of the penalty, each foul shall be charged, entered on the scoresheet against the offender and penalised accordingly.

Art. 33 Contact: General principles

33.1	Cylinder principle
	The cylinder principle is defined as the space within an imaginary cylinder occupied by a player on the floor. It includes the space above the player and is limited to: The front by the palms of the hands, The rear by the buttocks, and The sides by the outside edge of the arms and legs. The hands and arms may be extended in front of the torso no further than the position of the feet, with the arms bent at the elbows so that the forearms and hands are raised. The distance between his feet will vary according to his height.
Diagram 5 - Cylinder principle
33.2	Principle of verticality
	During the game, each player has the right to occupy any position (cylinder) on the playing court not already occupied by an opponent.
	This principle protects the space on the floor which he occupies and the space above him when he jumps vertically within that space.
	As soon as the player leaves his vertical position (cylinder) and body contact occurs with an opponent who had already established his own vertical position (cylinder), the player who left his vertical position (cylinder) is responsible for the contact.
	The defensive player must not be penalised for leaving the floor vertically (within his cylinder) or having his hands and arms extended above him within his own cylinder.
	The offensive player, whether on the floor or airborne, shall not cause contact with the defensive player in a legal guarding position by: Using his arms to create additional space for himself (clear-out). Spreading his legs or arms to cause contact during or immediately after a shot for a field goal.
33.3	Legal guarding position
	A defensive player has established an initial legal guarding position when: He is facing his opponent, and He has both feet on the floor. The legal guarding position extends vertically above him (cylinder) from the floor to the ceiling. He may raise his arms and hands above his head or jump vertically but he must maintain them in a vertical position inside the imaginary cylinder.
33.4	Guarding a player who controls the ball
	When guarding a player who controls (is holding or dribbling) the ball, the elements of time and distance do not apply.
	The player with the ball must expect to be guarded and must be prepared to stop or change his direction whenever an opponent takes an initial legal guarding position in front of him, even if this is done within a fraction of a second.
	The guarding (defensive) player must establish an initial legal guarding position without causing contact before taking his position.
	Once the defensive player has established an initial legal guarding position, he may move to guard his opponent, but he may not extend his arms, shoulders, hips or legs to prevent the dribbler from passing by him.
	When judging a block/charge situation involving a player with the ball, an official shall use the following principles: The defensive player must establish an initial legal guarding position by facing the player with the ball and having both feet on the floor. The defensive player may remain stationary, jump vertically, move laterally or move backwards in order to maintain the initial legal guarding position. When moving to maintain the initial legal guarding position, one or both feet may be off the floor for an instant, as long as the movement is lateral or backwards, but not towards the player with the ball. Contact must occur on the torso, in which case the defensive player would be considered as having been at the place of contact first. Having established a legal guarding position the defensive player may turn within his cylinder to cushion any blow or to avoid injury. In any of the above situations, the contact shall be considered as having been caused by the player with the ball.
33.5	Guarding a player who does not control the ball
	A player who does not control the ball is entitled to move freely on the playing court and take any position not already occupied by another player.
	When guarding a player who does not control the ball, the elements of time and distance shall apply. A defensive player cannot take a position so near and/or so quickly in the path of a moving opponent that the latter does not have sufficient time or distance either to stop or change his direction.
	The distance is directly proportional to the speed of the opponent, never less than one (1) and never more than two (2) normal steps.
	If a defensive player does not respect the elements of time and distance in taking his initial legal guarding position and contact with an opponent occurs, he is responsible for the contact.
	Once a defensive player has established an initial legal guarding position, he may move to guard his opponent. He may not prevent him from passing by extending his arms, shoulders, hips or legs in his path. He may turn within his cylinder to avoid injury.
33.6	Principle of verticality
	A player who is in the air A player who has jumped into the air from a place on the playing court has the right to land again at the same place.
	He has the right to land on another place on the playing court provided that the landing place and the direct path between the take-off and landing places is not already occupied by an opponent(s) at the time of take-off.
	If a player has taken off and landed but his momentum causes him to contact an opponent who has taken a legal guarding position beyond the landing place, the jumper is responsible for the contact.
	An opponent may not move into the path of a player after that player has jumped into the air.
	Moving under a player who is in the air and causing contact is usually an unsportsmanlike foul and in certain circumstances may be a disqualifying foul.
33.7	Screening: Legal and illegal
	Screening is an attempt to delay or prevent an opponent without the ball from reaching a desired position on the playing court.
	Legal screening is when the player who is screening an opponent: Was stationary (inside his cylinder) when contact occurs. Has both feet on the floor when contact occurs. Illegal screening is when the player who is screening an opponent: Was moving when contact occurred. Did not give sufficient distance in setting a screen outside the field of vision of a stationary opponent when contact occurred. Did not respect the elements of time and distance of an opponent in motion when contact occurred.
	If the screen is set within the field of vision of a stationary opponent (front or lateral), the screener may establish the screen as close to him as he desires, providing there is no contact.
	If the screen is set outside the field of vision of a stationary opponent, the screener must permit the opponent to take one (1) normal step towards the screen without making contact.
	If the opponent is in motion, the elements of time and distance shall apply. The screener must leave enough space so that the player who is being screened is able to avoid the screen by stopping or changing direction.
	The distance required is never less than one (1) and never more than two (2) normal steps.
	A player who is legally screened is responsible for any contact with the player who has set the screen.
33.8	Charging
	Charging is illegal personal contact, with or without the ball, by pushing or moving into an opponent's torso.
33.9	Blocking
	Blocking is illegal personal contact which impedes the progress of an opponent with or without the ball.
	A player who is attempting to screen is committing a blocking foul if contact occurs when he is moving and his opponent is stationary or retreating from him.
	If a player disregards the ball, faces an opponent and shifts his position as the opponent shifts, he is primarily responsible for any contact that occurs, unless other factors are involved.
	The expression 'unless other factors are involved' refers to deliberate pushing, charging or holding of the player who is being screened.
	It is legal for a player to extend his arm(s) or elbow(s) outside of his cylinder in taking position on the floor but they must be moved inside his cylinder when an opponent attempts to go by. If the arm(s) or elbow(s) are outside his cylinder and contact occurs, it is blocking or holding.
33.10	No-charge semi-circle areas
	The no-charge semi-circle areas are drawn on the playing court for the purpose of designating a specific area for the interpretation of charge/block situations under the basket.
	On any penetration play situation into the no-charge semi-circle area a contact caused by an offensive player with a defensive player inside the no-charge semicircle shall not be called as an offensive foul, unless the offensive player is illegally using his hands, arms, legs or body, when the offensive player is in control of the ball whilst airborne, and he attempts a shot or passes off, and the defensive player has both feet inside the no-charge semi-circle area.
33.11	Contacting an opponent with the hand(s) and/or arm(s)
	The touching of an opponent with a hand(s) is, in itself, not necessarily a foul.
	The officials shall decide whether the player who caused the contact has gained an advantage. If contact caused by a player in any way restricts the freedom of movement of an opponent, such contact is a foul.
	Illegal use of the hand(s) or extended arm(s) occurs when the defensive player is in a guarding position and his hand(s) or arm(s) is placed upon and remains in contact with an opponent with or without the ball, to impede his progress.
	To repeatedly touch or 'jab' an opponent with or without the ball is a foul, as it may lead to rough play.
	It is a foul by an offensive player with the ball to: 'Hook' or wrap an arm or an elbow around a defensive player in order to obtain an advantage. 'Push off' to prevent the defensive player from playing or attempting to play the ball, or to create more space for himself. Use an extended forearm or hand, while dribbling, to prevent an opponent from gaining control of the ball. It is a foul by an offensive player without the ball to 'push off' to: Get free to receive the ball. Prevent the defensive player from playing or attempting to play the ball. Create more space for himself.
33.12	Post play
	The principle of verticality (cylinder principle) applies to post play.
	The offensive player in the post position and the defensive player guarding him must respect each other's rights to a vertical position (cylinder).
	It is a foul by an offensive or defensive player in the post position to shoulder or hip his opponent out of position or to interfere with his opponent's freedom of movement using extended arms, shoulders, hips, legs or other parts of the body.
33.13	Illegal guarding from the rear
	Illegal guarding from the rear is personal contact with an opponent, by a defensive player, from behind. The fact that the defensive player is attempting to play the ball does not justify his contact with an opponent from the rear.
33.14	Holding
	Holding is illegal personal contact with an opponent that interferes with his freedom of movement. This contact (holding) can occur with any part of the body.
33.15	Pushing
	Pushing is illegal personal contact with any part of the body in which a player forcibly moves or attempts to move an opponent with or without control of the ball.

Art. 34 Personal foul

34.1	Definition
34.1.1	A personal foul is a player's contact foul with an opponent, whether the ball is live or dead. A player shall not hold, block, push, charge, trip or impede the progress of an opponent by extending his hand, arm, elbow, shoulder, hip, leg, knee or foot, nor by bending his body into an 'abnormal' position (outside his cylinder), nor shall he indulge in any rough or violent play.
34.2	Penalty A personal foul shall be charged against the offender.
34.2.1	If the foul is committed on a player who is not in the act of shooting: The game shall be resumed with a throw-in by the non-offending team at the place nearest to the infraction. If the offending team is in a team foul penalty situation, then Art. 41 (Team fouls: Penalty) will apply.
34.2.2	If the foul is committed on a player in the act of shooting, that player shall be awarded a number of free throw(s) as follows: If the shot from the field goal area is successful, the goal shall count and, in addition, one (1) free throw. If the shot from the two-point field goal area is unsuccessful, two (2) free throws. If the shot from the three-point field goal area is unsuccessful, three (3) free throws. If the player is fouled as, or just before, the game clock signal sounds for the end of the period or as, or just before, the twenty-four (24) second clock signal sounds, while the ball is still in the player's hand(s) and the field goal is successful, the goal shall not count and two (2) or three (3) free throws will be awarded.

Art. 35 Double foul

35.1	Definition
35.1.1	A double foul is a situation in which two (2) opponents commit personal fouls against each other at approximately the same time.
35.2	Penalty
	A personal foul shall be charged against each offender. No free throws shall be awarded and the game shall be resumed as follows: If at approximately the same time as the double foul A valid field goal, or a last or only free throw is scored, the ball shall be awarded to the non-scoring team for a throw-in at any place at the endline. A team had control of the ball or was entitled to the ball, the ball shall be awarded to this team for a throw-in at the place nearest to the infraction. Neither team had control of the ball nor was entitled to the ball, a jump ball situation occurs.

Art. 36 Unsportsmanlike foul

36.1	Definition
36.1.1	An unsportsmanlike foul is a player contact foul which, in the judgement of the official, is not a legitimate attempt to directly play the ball within the spirit and intent of the rules.
36.1.2	The official must interpret the unsportsmanlike fouls consistently throughout the game and to judge only the action.
36.1.3	To judge whether a foul is unsportsmanlike, the officials should apply the following principles: If a player is making no effort to play the ball and contact occurs, it is an unsportsmanlike foul. If a player, in an effort to play the ball, causes excessive contact (hard foul), it is an unsportsmanlike foul. If a defensive player causes contact with an opponent from behind or laterally in an attempt to stop a fast break and there is no opponent between the offensive player and the opponents’ basket, it is an unsportsmanlike foul. If a player commits a foul while making a legitimate effort to play the ball (normal play), it is not an unsportsmanlike foul.
36.2	Penalty
36.2.1	An unsportsmanlike foul shall be charged against the offender.
36.2.2	Free throw(s) shall be awarded to the player who was fouled, followed by: A throw-in at the centre line extended, opposite the scorer's table. A jump ball at the centre circle to begin the first period. The number of free throws shall be as follows: If the foul is committed on a player not in the act of shooting: two (2) free throws. If the foul is committed on a player in the act of shooting: the goal, if made, shall count and, in addition, one (1) free throw. If the foul is committed on a player in the act of shooting and the goal is not made: two (2) or three (3) free throws.
36.2.3	A player shall be disqualified when he is charged with two (2) unsportsmanlike fouls.
36.2.4	If a player is disqualified under Art. 36.2.3, that unsportsmanlike foul shall be the only foul to be penalised and no additional penalty for the disqualification shall be administered.

Art. 37 Disqualifying foul

37.1	Definition
37.1.1	A disqualifying foul is any flagrantly unsportsmanlike action of a player, substitute, excluded player, coach, assistant coach or team follower.
37.1.2	A coach who has received a disqualifying foul shall be replaced by the assistant coach as entered on the scoresheet. If no assistant coach is entered on the scoresheet, he shall be replaced by the captain (CAP).
37.2	Penalty
37.2.1	A disqualifying foul shall be charged against the offender.
37.2.2	Whenever the offender is disqualified according to the respective articles of these rules, he shall go to and remain in his team's dressing room for the duration of the game or, if he so chooses, he shall leave the building.
37.2.3	Free throw(s) shall be awarded: To any opponent, as designated by his coach in the case of a non-contact foul. To the player who was fouled in the case of a contact foul. Followed by: A throw-in at the centre line extended, opposite the scorer's table. A jump ball at the centre circle to begin the first period.
37.2.4	The number of free throws shall be awarded as follows: If the foul is committed on a player not in the act of shooting: two (2) free throws. If the foul is committed on a player in the act of shooting: the goal, if made, shall count and in addition one (1) free throw. If the foul is committed on a player in the act of shooting and the goal is not made: two (2) or three (3) free throws.

Art. 38 Technical foul

38.1	Rules of conduct
38.1.1	The proper conduct of the game demands the full and loyal cooperation of the members of both teams (players, substitutes, coaches, assistant coaches, excluded players and team followers) with the officials, table officials and commissioner, if present.
38.1.2	Each team shall do its best to secure victory, but this must be done in the spirit of sportsmanship and fair play.
38.1.3	Any deliberate or repeated non-cooperation or non-compliance with the spirit and intend of this rule shall be considered as a technical foul.
38.1.4	The official may prevent technical fouls by giving warnings or even overlooking minor infractions which are obviously unintentional and have no direct effect upon the game, unless there is repetition of the same infraction after the warning.
38.1.5	If an infraction is recognised after the ball becomes live, the game shall be stopped and a technical foul charged. The penalty shall be administered as if the technical foul had occurred at the time it is charged. Whatever occurred during the interval between the infraction and the game being stopped shall remain valid.
38.2	Violence
38.2.1	Acts of violence may occur during the game, contrary to the spirit of sportsmanship and fair play. These should be stopped immediately by the officials and, if necessary, by public order enforcement officers.
38.2.2	Whenever acts of violence occur between players, substitutes, excluded players, coaches, assistant coaches or team followers, on the playing court or in its vicinity, the officials shall take the necessary action to stop them.
38.2.3	Any of the above persons who are guilty of flagrant acts of aggression against opponents or officials shall be disqualified. The officials must report the incident to the organising body of the competition.
38.2.4	Public order enforcement officers may enter the playing court only if requested to do so by the officials. However, should spectators enter the playing court with the obvious intention of committing acts of violence, the public order enforcement officers must intervene immediately to protect the teams and officials.
38.2.5	All other areas, including entrances, exits, hallways, dressing rooms, etc., come under the jurisdiction of the organising body of the competition and the public order enforcement officers.
38.2.6	Physical actions by players, substitutes, excluded players, coaches, assistant coaches and team followers which could lead to damaging of game equipment, must not be permitted by the officials.
	When behaviour of this nature is observed by the officials, the coach of the offending team shall be given a warning.
	Should the action(s) be repeated, a technical foul shall immediately be called on the individual(s) involved.
38.3	Definition
38.3.1	A technical foul is a player non-contact foul of a behavioural nature including, but not limited to: Disregarding warnings by officials. Disrespectfully touching the officials, the commissioner, the table officials or the team bench personnel. Disrespectfully communicating with the officials, the commissioner, the table officials or the opponents. Using language or gestures likely to offend or incite the spectators. Baiting an opponent or obstructing his vision by waving his hands near his eyes. Excessive swinging of elbows. Delaying the game by deliberately touching the ball after it passes through the basket or by preventing a throw-in from being taken promptly. Falling down to fake a foul. Hanging on the ring in such a way that the weight of the player is supported by the ring, unless a player grasps the ring momentarily following a dunk shot or, in the judgement of the official, is trying to prevent injury to himself or to another player. Goaltending during a last or only free throw by a defensive player. One (1) point shall be awarded to the offensive team, followed by the technical foul penalty charged against the defensive player.
38.3.2	A technical foul by a coach, assistant coach, substitute, excluded player or team follower is a foul for disrespectfully communicating with or touching the officials, the commissioner, the table officials or the opponents, or an infraction of a procedural or an administrative nature.
38.3.3	A coach shall be disqualified when: He is charged with two (2) technical fouls ('C') as a result of his personal unsportsmanlike behaviour. He is charged with three (3) technical fouls, either all of them ('B') or one of them ('C'), as a result of unsportsmanlike behaviour of the team bench (assistant coach, substitute, excluded player or team follower).
38.3.4	If a coach is disqualified under Art. 38.3.3, that technical foul shall be the only foul to be penalised and no additional penalty for the disqualification shall be administered.
38.4	Penalty
38.4.1	If a technical foul is committed: By a player, a technical foul shall be charged against him as a player foul and shall count as one of the team fouls. By a coach ('C'), assistant coach ('B'), substitute ('B'), excluded player (‘B’) or team follower ('B'), a technical foul shall be charged against the coach and shall not count as one of the team fouls.
38.4.2	Two (2) free throws shall by awarded to the opponents, followed by: A throw-in at the centre line extended, opposite the scorer's table. A jump ball at the centre circle to start the first period.

Art. 39 Fighting

39.1	Definition
	Fighting is physical interaction between two (2) or more opponents (players, substitutes, excluded players, coaches, assistant coaches and team followers).
	This article only applies to coaches, assistant coaches, substitutes, excluded players and team followers who leave the confines of the team bench area during a fight or during any situation which may lead to a fight.
39.2	Rule
39.2.1	Substitutes, excluded players or team followers who leave the team bench area during a fight, or during any situation which may lead to a fight, shall be disqualified.
39.2.2	Only the coach and/or assistant coach is permitted to leave the team bench area during a fight, or during any situation which may lead to a fight, to assist the officials to maintain or to restore order. In this situation, he shall not be disqualified.
39.2.3	If a coach and/or assistant coach leaves the team bench area and does not assist or attempt to assist the officials to maintain or to restore order, he shall be disqualified.
39.3	Penalty
39.3.1	Irrespective of the number of coaches, assistant coaches, substitutes, excluded players or team followers disqualified for leaving the team bench area, a single technical foul ('B') shall be charged against the coach.
39.3.2	If members of both teams are disqualified under this article and there are no other foul penalties remaining for administration, the game shall be resumed as follows.
	If at approximately the same time as the game was stopped because of the fighting: A valid field goal is scored, the ball shall be awarded to the non-scoring team for a throw-in at any place at the endline. A team had control of the ball or was entitled to the ball, the ball shall be awarded to this team for a throw-in at the centre line extended, opposite the scorer's table. Neither team has control of the ball nor was entitled to the ball, a jump ball situation occurs.
39.3.3	All disqualifying fouls shall be recorded as described in B.8.3 and shall not count as a team foul.
39.3.4	All possible foul penalties against players on the court involved in fighting or any situation which lead to a fight, shall be dealt in accordance with Art. 42 (Special situations).

Rule Seven - General Provisions
Art. 40 Five fouls by a player

40.1	A player who has committed five (5) fouls, personal and/or technical, shall be informed thereof by the referee and must leave the game immediately. He must be substituted within thirty (30) seconds.
40.2	A foul by a player who has previously committed his fifth foul is considered as an excluded player's foul and it is charged and entered in the scoresheet against the coach ('B').

Art. 41 Team fouls: Penalty

41.1	Definition
41.1.1	A team is in a team foul penalty situation when it has committed four (4) team fouls in a period.
41.1.2	All team fouls committed in an interval of play shall be considered as being committed in the following period or extra period.
41.1.3	All team fouls committed in an extra period shall be considered as being committed in the fourth period.
41.2	Rule
41.2.1	When a team is in a team foul penalty situation, all subsequent player personal fouls committed on a player not in the act of shooting shall be penalised by two (2) free throws, instead of a throw-in.
41.2.2	If a personal foul is committed by a player of the team in control of the live ball, or of the team entitled to the ball, such a foul shall be penalised by a throw-in for the opponents.

Art. 42 Special situations

42.1	Definition
42.1.1	In the same stopped-clock period which follows an infraction, special situations may arise when additional foul(s) are committed.
42.2	Procedure
42.2.1	All fouls shall be charged and all penalties identified.
42.2.2	The order in which all fouls occurred shall be determined.
42.2.3	All equal penalties against the teams and all double foul penalties shall be cancelled in the order in which they were called. Once the penalties have been cancelled they are considered as never having occurred.
42.2.4	The right to possession of the ball as part of the last penalty shall cancel any prior rights to possession of the ball.
42.2.5	Once the ball has become live on the first or only free throw or on a throw-in penalty, that penalty can no longer be used for cancelling any remaining penalties.
42.2.6	All remaining penalties shall be administered in the order in which they were called.
42.2.7	If, after the cancellation of equal penalties against the teams, there are no other penalties remaining for administration, the game shall be resumed as follows.
	If at approximately the same time as the first infraction: A valid field goal is scored, the ball shall be awarded to the non-scoring team for a throw-in at any place at the endline. A team had control of the ball or was entitled to the ball, the ball shall be awarded to this team for a throw-in at the place nearest to the first infraction. Neither team had control of the ball nor was entitled to the ball, a jump ball situation occurs.

Art. 43 Free throws

43.1	Definition
43.1.1	A free throw is an opportunity given to a player to score one (1) point, uncontested, from a position behind the free-throw line and inside the semicircle.
43.1.2	A set of free throws is defined as all free throws and/or subsequent possession of the ball resulting from a single foul penalty.
43.2	Rule
43.2.1	When a personal foul is called the free throw(s) shall be awared as follows: The player against whom the foul was committed shall attempt the free throw(s). If there is a request for him to be substituted, he must attempt the free throw(s) before leaving the game. If he must leave the game due to injury, having committed his fifth foul or having been disqualified, his substitute shall attempt the free throw(s). If no substitute is available, any team-mate as designated by his coach shall attempt the free throw(s).
43.2.2	When a technical foul is called, any member of the opponent's team as designated by his coach shall attempt the free throw(s).
43.2.3	The free-throw shooter shall: Take a position behind the free-throw line and inside the semicircle. Use any method to shoot a free throw in such a way that the ball enters the basket from above or the ball touches the ring. Release the ball within five (5) seconds since it is placed at his disposal by the official. Not touch the free-throw line or enter the restricted area until the ball has entered the basket or has touched the ring. Not fake a free throw.
43.2.4	The players in the free-throw rebound places shall be entitled to occupy alternating positions in these spaces, which are considered to be one (1) m in depth (Diagram 6).
	During the free throws these players shall not: Occupy free-throw rebound places to which they are not entitled. Enter the restricted area, the neutral zone or leave the free-throw rebound place until the ball has left the hand(s) of the free-throw shooter. Distract the free-throw shooter by their actions.
Diagram 6 - Players' positions during free throws
43.2.5	Players not in the free-throw rebound places shall remain behind the free-throw line extended and behind the three-point field goal line until the free throw ends.
43.2.6	During a free throw(s) to be followed by another set(s) of free throws or by a throw-in, all players shall remain behind the free-throw line extended and behind the three-point field goal line.
	An infraction of Art. 43.2.3, 43.2.4, 43.2.5 and 43.2.6 is a violation.
43.3	Penalty
43.3.1	If a free throw is successful and the violation(s) is committed by a free-throw shooter, point, if made, shall not count.
	The ball shall be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in at the free-throw line extended unless there is a further free throw(s) or possession penalty to be administered.
43.3.2	If a free throw is successful and the violation(s) is committed by any player(s) other than the free-throw shooter: Point(s), if made, shall count. Violation(s) shall be disregarded. In case of the last or only free throw, the ball shall be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in at any place at the endline.
43.3.3	If a free throw is not successful and the violation is committed by: A team-mate of the free-throw shooter on the last or only free throw, the ball shall be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in at the free-throw line extended unless that team is entitled to further possession. An opponent of the free-throw shooter, a substitute free throw shall be awarded to the free-throw shooter. Both teams, on the last or only free throw, a jump ball situation occurs.

Art. 44 Correctable errors

44.1	Definition
	Officials may correct an error if a rule is inadvertently disregarded in the following situations only: Awarding an unmerited free throw(s). Failure to award a merited free throw(s). Erroneous awarding or cancelling of a point(s). Permitting the wrong player to attempt a free throw(s).
44.2	General procedure
44.2.1	To be correctable the above-mentioned errors must be recognized by the officials, commissioner, if present, or table officials before the ball becomes live following the first dead ball after the game clock has started following the error.
44.2.2	An official may stop the game immediately upon recognition of a correctable error, as long as neither team is placed at a disadvantage.
44.2.3	Any fouls committed, points scored, time used, additional activity which may have occurred after the error has occurred and before its recognition, shall remain valid.
44.2.4	After the correction of the error the game shall be resumed at the point it was stopped to correct the error, unless otherwise stated in these rules. The ball shall be awarded to the team entitled to the ball at the time the game was stopped for the correction.
44.2.5	Once an error that is still correctable has been recognised, and: If the player involved in the correction of the error is on the team bench after having been legally substituted (not for having committed his fifth foul or for having been disqualified), he must re-enter the playing court, unless he is injured, to participate in the correction of the error (at this point he becomes a player). Upon completion of the correction, he may remain in the game unless a legal substitution has been requested again, in which case the player may leave the playing court. If the player was substituted due to his injury, having committed his fifth foul or having been disqualified, his substitute must participate in the correction of the error.
44.2.6	Correctable errors cannot be corrected after the referee has signed the scoresheet.
44.2.7	Any errors in scorekeeping by the scorer or time-keeping by the timer involving the score, number of fouls, number of time-outs or time consumed or omitted, may be corrected by the officials at any time before the referee signs the scoresheet.
44.3	Special procedure
44.3.1	Awarding an unmerited free throw(s).
	The free throw(s) attempted as a result of the error shall be cancelled and the game shall be resumed as follows: If the game clock has not started, the ball shall be awarded for a throw-in to the team whose free throws had been cancelled from the free-throw line extended. If the game clock has started and: The team in control of the ball or entitled to the ball at the time the error is recognised is the same team that was in control of the ball at the time the error occurred, or Neither team is in control of the ball at the time the error is recognised, the ball shall be awarded to the team entitled to the ball at the time of the error. If the game clock has started and, at the time the error is recognised, the team in control of the ball or entitled to the ball is the opponent of the team that was in control of the ball at the time of the error, a jump ball situation occurs. If the game clock has started and, at the time the error is recognised, a foul penalty involving a free throw(s) has been awarded, the free throw(s) shall be administered and the ball shall be awarded for a throw-in to the team that was in control of the ball at the time the error occurred.
44.3.2	Failure to award a merited free throw(s). If there has been no change in possession of the ball since the error occurred, the game shall be resumed after correction of the error as after any normal free throw. If the same team scores after having been erroneously awarded possession of the ball for a throw-in, the error shall be disregarded.
44.3.3	Permitting the wrong player to attempt a free throw(s).
	The free throw(s) attempted, and the possession of the ball if part of the penalty, shall be cancelled and the ball shall be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in at the free-throw line extended, unless penalties for further infractions are to be administered.

Rule Eight - Officials, Table Officials, Commissioner: Duties and Powers
Art. 45 Officials, table officials and commissioner

45.1	The officials shall be a referee and one (1) or two (2) umpire(s). They shall be assisted by the table officials and by a commissioner, if present.
45.2	The table officials shall be a scorer, an assistant scorer, a timer and a twenty-four (24) second clock operator.
45.3	The commissioner shall sit between the scorer and the timer. His primary duty during the game is to supervise the work of the table officials and to assist the referee and umpire(s) in the smooth functioning of the game.
45.4	The officials of a given game should not be connected in any way with either team on the playing court.
45.5	The officials, the table officials and the commissioner shall conduct the game in accordance with these rules and have no authority to change them.
45.6	The officials' uniform shall consist of an officials' shirt, long black trousers, black socks and black basketball shoes.
45.7	The officials and table officials shall be uniformly dressed.

Art. 46 Referee: Duties and powers

The referee shall:
46.1	Inspect and approve all equipment to be used during the game.
46.2	Designate the official game clock, twenty-four (24) second clock, stopwatch and recognise the table officials.
46.3	Select a game ball from at least two (2) used balls provided by the home team. Should neither of these balls be suitable as the game ball, he may select the best quality ball available.
46.4	Not permit any player to wear objects which may cause injury to other players.
46.5	Administer a jump ball to start the first period and a throw-in to start all other periods.
46.6	Have the power to stop a game when conditions warrant it.
46.7	Have the power to determine that a team shall forfeit the game.
46.8	Carefully examine the scoresheet at the end of playing time or at any time he feels is necessary.
46.9	Approve and sign the scoresheet at the end of playing time, terminating the officials' administration and connection with the game. The officials' power shall begin when they arrive on the playing court twenty (20) minutes before the game is scheduled to begin, and end when the game clock signal sounds for the end of the playing time as approved by the officials.
46.10	Record on the reverse side of the scoresheet, before signing it: Any forfeit or disqualifying foul, Any unsportsmanlike behaviour by players, coaches, assistant coaches or team followers that occurs prior to the twenty (20) minutes before the game is scheduled to begin, or between the end of playing time and the approval and signing of the scoresheet. In such a case, the referee (commissioner, if present) must send a detailed report to the organising body of the competition.
46.11	Make the final decision whenever necessary or when the officials disagree. To make a final decision he may consult the umpire(s), the commissioner, if present, and/or the table officials.
46.12	Be authorised to approve and use the technical equipment, if available, to decide, before he signs the scoresheet, if a last shot for a field goal at the end of each period or any extra period was released during playing time and/or whether that shot for a field goal counts for two (2) or three (3) points.
46.13	Have the power to make decisions on any point not specifically covered by these rules.

46.10 Art. 47 Officials: Duties and powers

47.1	The officials shall have the power to make decisions on infractions of the rules committed either within or outside the boundary line including the scorer's table, the team benches and the areas immediately behind the lines.
47.2	The officials shall blow their whistles when an infraction of the rules occurs, a period ends or the officials find it necessary to stop the game. The officials shall not blow their whistles after a successful field goal, a successful free throw or when the ball becomes live.
47.3	When deciding on a personal contact or violation, the officials shall, in each instance, have regard to and weigh the following fundamental principles: The spirit and intent of the rules and the need to uphold the integrity of the game. Consistency in application of the concept of 'advantage/disadvantage'. The officials should not seek to interrupt the flow of the game unnecessarily in order to penalise incidental personal contact which does not give the player responsible an advantage nor place his opponent at a disadvantage. Consistency in the application of common sense to each game, bearing in mind the abilities of the players concerned and their attitude and conduct during the game. Consistency in the maintenance of a balance between game control and game flow, having a 'feeling' for what the participants are trying to do and calling what is right for the game.
47.4	Should a protest be filed by one of the teams, the referee (commissioner, if present) shall, within one (1) hour following the end of playing time, report the protest to the organising body of the competition.
47.5	If an official is injured or for any other reason cannot continue to perform his duties within five (5) minutes of the incident, the game shall be resumed. The remaining official(s) will officiate alone until the end of the game, unless there is the possibility of replacing the injured official with a qualified substitute official. After consulting with the commissioner, if present, the other official will decide upon the possible replacement.
47.6	For all international games, if verbal communication is necessary to make a decision clear, it shall be conducted in English.
47.7	Each official has the power to make decisions within the limits of his duties, but has no authority to disregard or question decisions made by the other official(s).
47.8	Decisions made by the officials are final and cannot be contested or disregarded.

Art. 48 Scorer and assistant scorer: Duties

48.1	The scorer shall be provided with a scoresheet and shall keep a record of: Teams, by entering the names and numbers of the players who are to start the game and of all substitutes who enter the game. When there is an infraction of the rules regarding the five (5) players to start the game, substitutions or numbers of players, he shall notify the nearest official as soon as possible. Running summary of points scored, by entering the field goals and the free throws made. Fouls charged against each player. The scorer must notify an official immediately when a fifth foul is charged against any player. He shall record the fouls charged against each coach and must notify an official immediately when a coach should be disqualified. Similarly, he must notify an official immediately when a player has committed two (2) unsportsmanlike fouls and should be disqualified. Time-outs. He must notify the officials of the next time-out opportunity when a team has requested a time-out and notify the coach through an official when the coach has no more time-out(s) left in a half or extra period. The next alternating possession, by operating the alternating possession arrow. The scorer shall adjust the direction of the alternating possession arrow immediately after the end of the first half as the team shall exchange baskets for the second half.
48.2	The scorer shall also: Indicate the number of fouls committed by each player by raising, in a manner visible to both coaches, the marker with the number of fouls committed by that player. Position the team foul marker on the scorer's table, at the end nearest to the bench of the team in a team foul penalty situation, when the ball becomes live following the fourth team foul in a period. Effect substitutions. Sound his signal only when the ball becomes dead and before the ball becomes live again. The sound of his signal does not stop the game clock or the game nor cause the ball to become dead.
48.3	The assistant scorer shall operate the scoreboard and assist the scorer. In the case of any discrepancy between the scoreboard and the scoresheet which cannot be resolved, the scoresheet shall take precedence and the scoreboard shall be corrected accordingly.
48.4	If a scorekeeping error is discovered: During the game, the scorer must wait for the first dead ball before sounding his signal. After the end of the playing time and before the scoresheet has been signed by the referee, the error shall be corrected, even if this correction influences the final result of the game. After the scoresheet has been signed by the referee, the error may no longer be corrected. The referee or the commissioner, if present, must send a detailed report to the organising body of the competition.

Art. 49 Timer: Duties

49.1	The timer shall be provided with a game clock and a stopwatch and shall: Measure playing time, time-outs and intervals of play. Ensure that the game clock signal sounds very loudly and automatically at the end of playing time in a period. Use any means possible to notify the officials immediately if his signal fails to sound or is not heard. Notify the teams and the officials at least three (3) minutes before the third period is to start.
49.2	The timer shall measure playing time as follows: Starting the game clock when: During a jump ball, the ball is legally tapped by a jumper. After an unsuccessful last or only free throw and the ball continues to be live, the ball touches or is touched by a player on the playing court. During a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally touched by a player on the playing court. Stopping the game clock when: Time expires at the end of playing time for a period, if not stopped automatically by the game clock itself. An official blows his whistle while the ball is live. A field goal is scored against a team which has requested a time-out. A field goal is scored in the last two (2) minutes of the fourth period and in the last two (2) minutes of any extra period. The twenty-four (24) second clock signal sounds while a team is in control of the ball.
49.3	The timer shall measure a time-out as follows: Starting the stopwatch immediately when the official blows his whistle and gives the time-out signal. Sounding his signal when fifty (50) seconds of the time-out have elapsed. Sounding his signal when the time-out has ended.
49.4	The timer shall measure an interval of play as follows: Starting the stopwatch immediately when a previous period has ended. Sounding his signal before the first and third period when three (3) minutes, one (1) minute and thirty (30) seconds remain until the beginning of the period. Sounding his signal before the second, fourth and each extra period when thirty (30) seconds remain until the beginning of the period. Sounding his signal and simultaneously stopping the stopwatch immediately when an interval of play has ended.

Art. 50 Twenty-four (24) second operator: Duties

The twenty-four (24) second clock operator shall be provided with a twenty-four (24) second clock which shall be:
50.1	Started or restarted when: A team gains control of a live ball on the playing court. On a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally touched by any player on the playing court. The mere touching of the ball by an opponent does not start a new twenty-four (24) second period if the same team remains in control of the ball.
50.2	Whenever an official blows the whistle as a result of: A foul or violation (not for the ball having gone out-of-bounds by the team not in control of the ball), The game being stopped because of an action not connected with the team in control of the ball, The game being stopped because of an action not connected with either team, unless the opponents would be placed at a disadvantage, the twenty-four (24) second clock shall be: Stopped and reset to twenty-four (24) seconds, with no display visible, when: The ball legally enters the basket. The ball touches the ring of the opponents' basket (unless the ball lodges between the ring and the backboard). The team is awarded a backcourt throw-in or free throw(s). The infraction of the rules is committed by the team in control of the ball. Stopped but not reset to twenty-four (24) seconds when the same team that previously had control of the ball is awarded a frontcourt throw-in and fourteen (14) seconds or more are displayed on the twenty-four (24) second clock. Stopped and reset to fourteen (14) seconds when the same team that had control of the ball is awarded a frontcourt throw-in and thirteen (13) seconds or less are displayed on the twenty-four (24) second clock.
50.3	Stopped, but not reset, when the same team that previously had control of the ball is awarded a throw-in as a result of: A ball having gone out-of-bounds. A player of the same team having been injured. A jump ball situation. A double foul. A cancellation of equal penalties against the teams.
50.4	Switched off, after the ball became dead and the game clock has been stopped, when there are fewer than twenty-four (24) or fourteen (14) seconds remaining on the game clock in any period.
	The twenty-four (24) second clock signal does not stop the game clock or the game, nor cause the ball to become dead, unless a team is in a control of the ball.

Officials' Signals
The hand signals illustrated in these rules are the only official signals. They must be used by all officials in all games. It is important that the table officials are familiar with these signals.

Hand signals ≡ Scoring

Hand signals ≡ Clock-Related

Hand signals ≡ Administrative

Hand signals ≡ Type of Violations

Hand signals ≡ Reporting a foul to the scorer's table: Number of Player (Step 1)

Hand signals ≡ Reporting a foul to the scorer's table: Type of Foul (Step 2)

Hand signals ≡ Reporting a foul to the scorer's table: Number of Free-Throw(s) awarded or Direction of Play (Step 3)

Hand signals ≡ Free-Throw Administration: Inside the Restricted Area

Hand signals ≡ Free-Throw Administration: Outside the Restricted Area

Quelle: Official Basketball Rules 2010 [ Herausgeber: FIBA Central Board, 17. April 2010 ]

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